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Exploration and travel – Routes through the deserts and savannahs

Crossing regions with little water or no water at all presents human beings with a great challenge. How can the traveller find the right route in an uninhabited region, how can food and water requirements be met, how can he avoid the most difficult areas? These were questions that had to be answered by both prehistoric travellers in the largely uninhabited eastern Sahara and those forming part of a present-day caravan through this desert, the largest in the world. Information about favourable routes was passed on from one generation to the next and is still extremely valuable today. Stores of water and food, a clear-headed assessment of the transport technology available and a realistic appraisal of their own strengths are part of the essential equipment of those who cross the desert successfully.

<b>Desert Glass</b><br>Desert glass radiates a strange, exotic beauty and is most probably the result of the impact of a meteorite. It is only found in the border area between Egypt and Libya. It already fascinated people during the times of the Pharaohs. It was used as a gemstone in the burial chamber of Tutankhamun.<br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne. <b>Camels drinking</b><br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne. <b>Camels in a sandstorm</b><br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne.

<b>Camel caravan</b><br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne.

<b>Wayside sign</b><br>A two meter high wayside sign on the Abu Ballas Trail (an ancient Egyptian trans-Sahara route).<br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne.

<b>Camels taking a bath</b><br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne.

<b>Clayton Rings</b><br>The so-called Clayton Rings were found in a number of excavations between the Nile Valley and the Libyan border. Scientists are still at a loss to explain the use and meaning of the round, pierced, disk-shaped objects.<br>© Sonderforschungsbereich 389 (ACACIA), University of Cologne.

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